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Soil spatial variability impact on the behavior of a reinforced earth wall

Adam HAMROUNI, Daniel DIAS, Badreddine SBARTAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 518-531 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0611-x

摘要： This article presents the soil spatial variability effect on the performance of a reinforced earth wall. The serviceability limit state is considered in the analysis. Both cases of isotropic and anisotropic non-normal random fields are implemented for the soil properties. The Karhunen-Loève expansion method is used for the discretization of the random field. Numerical finite difference models are considered as deterministic models. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to obtain the deformation response variability of the reinforced soil retaining wall. The influences of the spatial variability response of the geotechnical system in terms of horizontal facing displacement is presented and discussed. The results obtained show that the spatial variability has an important influence on the facing horizontal displacement as well as on the failure probability.

关键词： reinforced earth wall     geosynthetic     random field     spatial variability     Monte Carlo simulation    

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Effect of earth reinforcement, soil properties and wall properties on bridge MSE walls

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1209-1221 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0764-2

摘要： Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls are popular for highway bridge structures. They have precast concrete panels attached to earth reinforcement. The panels are designed to have some lateral movement. However, in some cases, excessive movement and even complete dislocation of the panels have been observed. In this study, 3-D numerical modeling involving an existing MSE wall was undertaken to investigate various wall parameters. The effects of pore pressure, soil cohesion, earth reinforcement type and length, breakage/slippage of reinforcement and concrete strength, were examined. Results showed that the wall movement is affected by soil pore pressure and reinforcement integrity and length, and unaffected by concrete strength. Soil cohesion has a minor effect, while the movement increased by 13–20 mm for flexible geogrid reinforced walls compared with the steel grid walls. The steel grid stresses were below yielding, while the geogrid experienced significant stresses without rupture. Geogrid reinforcement may be used taking account of slippage resistance and wall movement. If steel grid is used, non-cohesive soil is recommended to minimize corrosion. Proper soil drainage is important for control of pore pressure.

关键词： mechanically stabilized earth walls     precast concrete panels     backfill soil     finite element modeling     earth reinforcement    

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Numerical simulation of squat reinforced concrete wall strengthened by FRP composite material

Ali KEZMANE,Said BOUKAIS,Mohand Hamizi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 445-455 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0339-9

摘要： The advanced design rules and the latest known earthquakes, have imposed a strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. Many research works and practical achievements of the application of the external reinforcement by using FRP composite materials have been particularly developed in the recent years. This type of strengthening seems promising for the seismic reinforcement of buildings. Among of the components of structures that could affect the stability of the structure in case of an earthquake is the reinforced concrete walls, which require in many cases a strengthening, especially in case where the diagonal cracks can be developed. The intent of this paper is to present a numerical simulation of squat reinforced concrete wall strengthened by FRP composite material (carbon fiber epoxy). The intent of this study is to perform finite element model to investigate the effects of such reinforcement in the squat reinforced concrete walls. Taking advantage of a commercial finite element package ABAQUS code, three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed, addressing the parameters associated with the squat reinforced concrete walls. An elasto-plastic damage model material is used for concrete, for steel, an elastic-plastic behavior is adopted, and the FRP composite is considered unidirectional and orthotropic. The obtained results in terms of displacements, stresses, damage illustrate clearly the importance of this strengthening strategy.

关键词： simulation     strengthening     reinforced concrete wall     squat wall     FRP composite material     damage     Abaqus    

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Seismic response of precast reinforced concrete wall subjected to cyclic in-plane and constant out-of-plane

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1128-1143 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0753-5

摘要： This paper provides insight into the seismic behavior of a full-scale precast reinforced concrete wall under in-plane cyclic loading combined with out-of-plane loading replicated by sand backfill to simulate the actual condition of basement walls. The tested wall exhibited flexural cracks, owing to the high aspect ratio and considerable out-of-plane movement due to lateral pressure from the backfill. The wall performed satisfactorily by exhibiting competent seismic parameters and deformation characteristics governed by its ductile response in the nonlinear phase during the test with smaller residual drift. Numerical analysis was conducted to validate experimental findings, which complied with each other. The numerical model was used to conduct parametric studies to study the effect of backfill density and aspect ratio on seismic response of the proposed precast wall system. The in-plane capacity of walls reduced, while deformation characteristics were unaffected by the increase in backfill density. An increase in aspect ratio leads to a reduction in in-plane capacity and an increase in drift. Curves between the ratio of in-plane yield capacity and design shear load of walls are proposed for the backfill density, which may be adopted to determine the in-plane yield capacity of the basement walls based on their design shear.

关键词： precast wall     basement wall     out-of-plane response     quasi-static test     sand backfill     seismic parameters    

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Field testing of geosynthetic-reinforced and column-supported earth platforms constructed on soft soil

Qiangong CHENG,Jiujiang WU,Dongxue ZHANG,Fengping MA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 124-139 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0255-9

摘要： This paper is focused on the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced and column-supported (GRCS) earth platforms in soft soil. By analyzing the data of a 15-month long field monitoring project, the bearing behavior and effectiveness of GRCS earth platforms are discussed in detail. It can be found that the soil arching is generated when the filling reaches a certain height. The measured pressure acting on the soil in the center of four piles was smaller than that acting on the soil between two piles. The elongation and the tension of the geogrid located in the soil between piles are both larger than the corresponding values on the pile top. The skin friction of piles is relatively small in the soil layer with low strength and the load transfer of the axial force in those layers is significant; meanwhile, the opposite situation occurs in the soil layer with high strength. The pore water pressure at shallow locations increases slightly with the filling height and is greatly affected by the increasing filling load. The layered settlement is directly proportional to the filling height, and the corresponding amount is relevant to the locations and the properties of specific soil layers. Additionally, the lateral displacement of the embankment increases with greater loading and decreases with increased depth. These suggest that the use of GRCS system can reduce lateral displacements and enhance the stability of an embankment significantly.

关键词： geosynthetic-reinforced and column-supported (GRCS) earth platforms     soft soil     bearing behavior     settlement and deformation     field testing    

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Recent advances in geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls for highway applications

Jie HAN, Yan JIANG, Chao XU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 239-247 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0424-8

摘要： Geosynthetic-reinforced retaining (GRR) walls have been increasingly used to support roadways and bridge abutments in highway projects. In recent years, advances have been made in construction and design of GRR walls for highway applications. For example, piles have been installed inside GRR walls to support bridge abutments and sound barrier walls. Geosynthetic layers at closer spacing are used in GRR walls to form a composite mass to support an integrated bridge system. This system is referred to as a geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS)-integrated bridge systems (IBS) or GRS-IBS. In addition, short geosynthetic layers have been used as secondary reinforcement in a GRR wall to form a hybrid GRR wall (HGRR wall) and reduce tension in primary reinforcement and facing deflections. These new technologies have improved performance of GRR walls and created more economic solutions; however, they have also created more complicated problems for analysis and design. This paper reviews recent studies on these new GRR wall systems, summarizes key results and findings including but not limited to vertical and lateral earth pressures, wall facing deflections, and strains in geosynthetic layers, discusses design aspects, and presents field applications for these new GRR wall systems.

关键词： bridge     geosynthetic     highway     reinforced     wall    

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Performance evaluation of low-rise infilled reinforced concrete frames designed by considering local

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 686-703 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0937-2

摘要： The interactions between reinforced concrete (RC) frames and infill walls play an important role in the seismic response of frames, particularly for low-rise frames. Infill walls can increase the overall lateral strength and stiffness of the frame owing to their high strength and stiffness. However, local wall-frame interactions can also lead to increased shear demand in the columns owing to the compressive diagonal strut force from the inll wall, which can result in failure or in serious situations, collapse. In this study, the effectiveness of a design strategy to consider the complex infill wall interaction was investigated. The approach was used to design example RC frames with infill walls in locations with different seismicity levels in Thailand. The performance of these frames was assessed using nonlinear static, and dynamic analyses. The performance of the frames and the failure modes were compared with those of frames designed without considering the infill wall or the local interactions. It was found that even though the overall responses of the buildings designed with and without consideration of the local interaction of the infill walls were similar in terms the overall lateral strength, the failure modes were different. The proposed method can eliminate the column shear failure from the building. Finally, the merits and limitations of this approach are discussed and summarized.

关键词： reinforced concrete frames     infill wall     seismic design method     shear failure     wall-frame interaction    

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Cyclic behavior of prefabricated reinforced concrete frame with infill slit shear walls

Kui XIAO,Qilin ZHANG,Bin JIA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 63-71 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0294-x

摘要： A composite structural system consisting of prefabricated reinforced concrete frame with infill slit shear walls (PRCFW), with good ductility, is a new type of earthquake resistant structure. Pseudo-static tests were performed to evaluate the seismic behavior of the PRCFW system. Two one-bay, two-story PRCFW specimens were both built at one-half scale. Additional computational research is also conducted to enhance the nonlinear analytical capabilities for this system. Combined with the concrete damaged plastic (CDP) model provided by finite element program ABAQUS and the constitutive model of concrete proposed by Chinese code, the damage process of the PRCFW structure under cyclic load is simulated. The simulated results show a good agreement with the test data, the dynamic behavior of the PRCFW system can be simulated sufficiently accurate and efficient to provide useful design information. The experimental and numerical study show that this system has the potential to offer good ductility and energy absorption capacity to dissipate input energy, and stiffness adequate for controlling drift for buildings located in earthquake-prone regions.

关键词： slit shear wall     constitutive model     cyclic     seismic     damage    

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Experimental study on seismic behavior of mid-rise RC shear wall with concealed truss

Wanlin CAO, Jianwei ZHANG, Jingna ZHANG, Min WANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 370-377 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0062-x

摘要： In this paper, mid-rise shear wall with concealed truss was proposed. This new composite shear wall includes two kinds of composition: one is the composition of two bearing systems, including truss and shear wall, and the other is the composition of two materials, including steel and concrete. Therefore, it is a double composite shear wall. The experimental study on the seismic behavior of six 1/3 scale mid-rise shear walls, including an ordinary mid-rise shear wall, a mid-rise shear wall with steel frame, and four mid-rise shear wall with concealed truss made of different materials, was studied. Based on the experimental study, the stiffness and its attenuation, bearing capacity, ductility, hysteretic property, energy dissipation, and failure phenomena of each shear wall were contrastively analyzed. The formulas of bearing capacity and stiffness were established. The results obtained from the formulas and those from experiment are in good agreement. Some suggestions for seismic design of shear wall are given in this paper. The experimental results show that the seismic behavior of the mid-rise shear wall with steel frame and that of every truss with different materials is obviously improved.

关键词： reinforced concrete     profile steel     concealed truss     mid-rise shear wall     seismic behavior    

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Strengthening mechanisms in carbon nanotube reinforced bioglass composites

Jing ZHANG, Chengchang JIA, Zhizhong JIA, Jillian LADEGARD, Yanhong GU, Junhui NIE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 126-131 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1279-0

摘要： Carbon nanotube reinforced bioglass composites have been successfully synthesized by two comparative sintering techniques, i.e., spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional compaction and sinteirng. The composites show improved mechanical properties, with SPS technique substantially better than conventional compact and sintering approach. Using SPS, compared with the 45S5Bioglass matrix, the maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness increased by 159% and 105%, respectively. Enhanced strength and toughness are attributed to the interfacial bonding and bridging effects between the carbon nanotubes and bioglass powders during crack propagations.

关键词： 45S5Bioglass     multi-wall carbon nanotubes     biocomposite     mechanical properties     sintering    

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A multi-objective design method for seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete frames using

Yue CHEN; Rong XU; Hao WU; Tao SHENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1089-1103 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0851-z

摘要： Over the past several decades, a variety of technical ways have been developed in seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete frames (RFs). Among them, pin-supported rocking walls (PWs) have received much attentions to researchers recently. However, it is still a challenge that how to determine the stiffness demand of PWs and assign the value of the drift concentration factor (DCF) for entire systems rationally and efficiently. In this paper, a design method has been exploited for seismic retrofitting of existing RFs using PWs (RF-PWs) via a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Then, the method has been investigated and verified through a practical project. Finally, a parametric analysis was executed to exhibit the strengths and working mechanism of the multi-objective design method. To sum up, the findings of this investigation show that the method furnished in this paper is feasible, functional and can provide adequate information for determining the stiffness demand and the value of the DCF for PWs. Furthermore, it can be applied for the preliminary design of these kinds of structures.

关键词： pin-supported rocking wall     reinforced concrete frame     seismic retrofit     stiffness demand     drift concentration factor     multi-objective design     genetic algorithm     Pareto optimal solution    

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Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall facade by stability function with initial imperfection

Siu-Lai CHAN, Yaopeng LIU, Andy LEE,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 376-382 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0086-2

摘要： Pre-tensioned high strength trusses using alloy steel bar are widely used as glass wall supporting systems because of the high degree of transparency. The breakage of glass panes in this type of system occurs occasionally, likely to be due to error in design and analysis in addition to other factors like glass impurity and stress concentration around opening in a spider system. Most design does not consider the flexibility of supports from finite stiffness of supporting steel or reinforced concrete beams. The resistance of lateral wind pressure of the system makes use of high tension force coupled with the large deflection effect, both of which are affected by many parameters not generally considered in conventional structures. In the design, one must therefore give a careful consideration on various effects, such as support settlement due to live loads and material creep, temperature change, pre-tension force, and wind pressure. It is not uncommon to see many similar glass wall systems fail in the wind load test chambers under a design wind speed. This paper presents a rigorous analysis and design of this type of structural systems used in a project in Hong Kong, China. The stability function with initial curvature is used in place of the cubic function, which is only accurate for linear analysis. The considerations and analysis techniques are believed to be of value to engineers involved in the design of the structural systems behaving nonlinearly.

关键词： tension system     glass wall     nonlinear analysis     pre-tensioning     second-order analysis    

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Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix systems fabricated

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1100-1116 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0967-9

摘要： The performance of a new fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) system developed using custom-designed mortar and fabrics is investigated in this study. The behavior of this system is evaluated in terms of both the flexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. Eight beams are designed to assess the effectiveness of the FRCM system in terms of flexural strengthening, and four specimens are designed to investigate their shear behavior. The parameters investigated for flexural strengthening are the number of layers, span/depth ratio, and the strengthening method. Unlike previous studies, custom fabrics with similar axial stiffness are used in all strengthening methods in this study. In the shear-strengthened specimens, the effects of the span/depth ratio and strengthening system type (fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) or FRCM) are investigated. The proposed FRCM system exhibits desirable flexural and shear strengthening for enhancing the load capacity, provides sufficient bonding with the substrate, and prevents premature failure modes. Considering the similar axial stiffness of fabrics used in both FRCM and FRP systems and the higher load capacity of specimens strengthened by the former, cement-based mortar performs better than epoxy.

关键词： fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix     flexural strengthening     shear strengthening     carbon fiber-reinforced polymer     shear span    

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Numerical analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior of earth dams

Babak EBRAHIMIAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 24-40 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0082-6

摘要： A numerical study is conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior of earth dams. The numerical investigation employs a fully nonlinear dynamic finite difference analysis incorporating a simple elastic perfectly plastic constitutive model to describe the stress-strain response of the soil and the Rayleigh damping to increase the level of hysteretic damping. The extended Masing rules are implemented into the constitutive model to explain more accurately the soil response under general cyclic loading. The soil stiffness and hysteretic damping change with loading history. The procedures for calibrating the constructed numerical model with centrifuge test data and also a real case history are explained. For the latter, the Long Valley (LV) earth dam subjected to the 1980 Mammoth Lake earthquake as a real case-history is analyzed and the obtained numerical results are compared with the real measurements at the site in both the time and frequency domains. Relatively good agreement is observed between computed and measured quantities. It seems that the Masing rules combined with a simple elasto-plastic model gives reasonable numerical predictions. Afterwards, a comprehensive parametric study is carried out to identify the effects of dam height, input motion characteristics, soil behavior, strength of the shell materials and dam reservoir condition on the dynamic response of earth dams. Three real earthquake records with different levels and peak acceleration values (PGAs) are used as input motions. The results show that the crest acceleration decreases when the dam height increases and no amplification is observed. Further, more inelastic behavior and more earthquake energy absorption are observed in higher dams.

关键词： earth dam     numerical     nonlinear response     dynamic analysis     earthquake     dam height    

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Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction in rectangular-closed- diaphragm-wall bridge foundations

Hua WEN, Qiangong CHENG, Fanchao MENG, Xiaodong CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 93-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0015-4

摘要： Rectangular-closed-diaphragm-wall foundation is a new type of bridge foundation. Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction was studied using a model test. It was observed that the distribution of soil resistance under the cap is not homogeneous. The soil resistance in the corner under the cap is larger than that in the border; and that in the center is the smallest. The distribution of soil resistance under the cap will be more uniform, if the sectional area of soil core is enlarged within a certain range. Due to the existence of cap, there is a “weakening effect” in inner shaft resistance of the upper wall segments, and there is “enhancement effect” in the lower wall segments and in toe resistance. The load shearing percentage of soil resistance under the cap is 10%-20%. It is unreasonable to ignore the effects of the cap and the soil resistance under the cap in bearing capacity calculations.

关键词： diaphragm wall     bridge foundation     low cap     interaction    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Soil spatial variability impact on the behavior of a reinforced earth wall

Adam HAMROUNI, Daniel DIAS, Badreddine SBARTAI

期刊论文

Effect of earth reinforcement, soil properties and wall properties on bridge MSE walls

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of squat reinforced concrete wall strengthened by FRP composite material

Ali KEZMANE,Said BOUKAIS,Mohand Hamizi

期刊论文

Seismic response of precast reinforced concrete wall subjected to cyclic in-plane and constant out-of-plane

期刊论文

Field testing of geosynthetic-reinforced and column-supported earth platforms constructed on soft soil

Qiangong CHENG,Jiujiang WU,Dongxue ZHANG,Fengping MA

期刊论文

Recent advances in geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls for highway applications

Jie HAN, Yan JIANG, Chao XU

期刊论文

Performance evaluation of low-rise infilled reinforced concrete frames designed by considering local

期刊论文

Cyclic behavior of prefabricated reinforced concrete frame with infill slit shear walls

Kui XIAO,Qilin ZHANG,Bin JIA

期刊论文

Experimental study on seismic behavior of mid-rise RC shear wall with concealed truss

Wanlin CAO, Jianwei ZHANG, Jingna ZHANG, Min WANG,

期刊论文

Strengthening mechanisms in carbon nanotube reinforced bioglass composites

Jing ZHANG, Chengchang JIA, Zhizhong JIA, Jillian LADEGARD, Yanhong GU, Junhui NIE

期刊论文

A multi-objective design method for seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete frames using

Yue CHEN; Rong XU; Hao WU; Tao SHENG

期刊论文

Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall facade by stability function with initial imperfection

Siu-Lai CHAN, Yaopeng LIU, Andy LEE,

期刊论文

Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix systems fabricated

期刊论文

Numerical analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior of earth dams

Babak EBRAHIMIAN

期刊论文

Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction in rectangular-closed- diaphragm-wall bridge foundations

Hua WEN, Qiangong CHENG, Fanchao MENG, Xiaodong CHEN

期刊论文